Total Pageviews

Wednesday, February 22, 2012

GIS: a tool for communities


Geographic information systems (GIS) is a widely used tool that has a variety of applications.  It can be used to interpret spatial data and display it in a visually appealing way, generally with maps.  One of the most important features of GIS I have encountered is the ability to compile layers of data together on the same visual reference.  For example, data about crimes in a given area paired with suspected causes of crime like poverty, gang affiliations, etc. can present a visual map with the data overlaid on top of each other.  This allows for an accurate analysis of the relationship of multiple different sets of data.  Furthermore, the application of GIS in the planning process can be particularly effective for a variety of planning issues. 

Zoning is an incredibly important tool for municipalities to decide the way they want their township or city to look.  Clearwater Florida has a website that uses ArcGIS to display zoning patterns for citizens.  This can help resolve issues and inform citizens what is able to be built in or around the property that they own.  The uses of GIS for community planning go far beyond zoning, a movement known as Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) is providing various ways citizens can interact with their community.  These range from creating maps of your community for exercise or safe routes to school all the way to quantifying the health data for a local hospital.  The applications of GIS extend beyond the community and can be used to protect the environment through observing watershed data, species habitats, and deforestation rates. 

Agencies such as the EPA and USGS gather enormous amounts of GIS compatible data about the environment.  This could range from soil data to ease in site selection for agricultural production to water quality data of various bodies of surface and ground water.  Once again the ability of GIS to overlay data and create complex maps relating several types of data and aid us in intelligently using our remaining open space.  In conclusion, GIS allows us to observe different characteristics of our world at once streamlining the necessary information to make smart decisions about how our population grows and prospers.

4 comments:

  1. WebGIS can be really cool for the applicant. There are some jurisdictions that have deeded lot lines and subdivisions for everyone to use. It can be very helpful to those property owners, who don't have access to their properties plats.

    ReplyDelete
  2. The "G" in GIS usually refers to "geographic".

    ReplyDelete
  3. I agree, WebGIS can be a very useful tool for residents with the access to it. It's too bad that so many online GIS applications feature dated interfaces.

    ReplyDelete
  4. WebGIS is a great way for government agencies to make lots of information available to the public in an easy to use manner. For example the Natural Resource Conservation Service has an online database for Web Soil Surveys that anyone from a developer to a homeowner can easily access to asses the condition of the soil on their property. From these soil maps, a user can determine if their parcel of land floods easily, has soils suitable for construction, etc. This is just one of many examples of how online GIS technologies can be a powerful tool to create an active, informed public.

    ReplyDelete